Nanomaterial Synthesis – InstaNANO https://instanano.com Nanotechnology at Instant Mon, 03 Oct 2022 10:49:55 +0000 en-US hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.8.1 https://instanano.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/cropped-Flaticon-32x32.png Nanomaterial Synthesis – InstaNANO https://instanano.com 32 32 Nickel Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Nickel Chloride and Desmodium Gangeticum Leaves via Biological Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/nickel-nanoparticles-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/nickel-nanoparticles-1/#respond Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:11:03 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=254

Nickel Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Nickel Chloride as precursor and Desmodium Gangeticum Leaves extract as reducing and stabilising agent via Biological Method.

  1. CHECK LIST
    Fresh leaves of Desmodium Gangeticum (Linn), Nickel Chloride (anhydrous), Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Filter Paper

  2. STEP 1.
    Take fresh leaves of Desmodium Gangeticum. Wash properly and cut them into small pieces.

  3. STEP 2.
    Take 25g leaves pieces in 100ml of deionized water and boil the leaves around 80-90ºC for 5-10 minutes.

  4. STEP 3.
    When the water turns GREEN, filter it out and use it as reducing and capping agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.

  5. STEP 4.
    Take 0.5g Nickel Chloride in 100ml deionized water; and set the temperature 80ºC.

  6. STEP 5.
    Add leaf extract drop wise slowly (prepared in step 3) into Nickel Chloride solution, until the color changes to light GRAY.

  7. RESULTS
    The Gray color indicated the formation of Nickel Nanoparticles in water. UV-Vis spectroscopy absorption peak would be obtained around 270nm.

  8. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Species of Plant/Tree: Different types of Plants/Trees are having different types of chemical composition and concentration of specific chemical in its leaves. So different species of Plants/Trees can give the different particle size, size distribution. Even morphology can also be changed by using leaf extract of different plants/trees.
    Concentration of Nickel Chloride: Nickel Chloride is used as the precursor in this synthesis. Higher the concentration of Nickel Chloride, more the chances of agglomeration; further leads to bulky size particles.
    Concentration of Leaves in Water: Concentration of leaves in water is very important for Nanoparticles synthesis. Higher concentration of leaves in water, leads to higher concentration of reducing and capping agent in water.
    Temperature: The temperature is another important factor in the synthesis of Nanoparticles, change in temperature leads to change in the particles size; also higher temperature leads to faster chemical Kinetics.

  9. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/nickel-nanoparticles-1/feed/ 0 Silver Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Silver Nitrate and Turmeric powder via Biological Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/silver-nanoparticles-2/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/silver-nanoparticles-2/#respond Thu, 15 Sep 2022 19:49:00 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=10834

Silver Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Silver Nitrate as precursor and Turmeric powder as reducing and stabilising agent via Biological Method

  1. CHECK LIST
    Silver Nitrate, Turmeric powder, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer.

  2. STEP 1.
    Take 7g of Turmeric powder in 100ml water and reflux at 80°C for 10 minutes.

  3. STEP 2.
    Filter the extract and centrifuge at 5000rpm for 10 minutes. This extract was further used as reducing and stabilising agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.

  4. STEP 3.
    Take 4mg Silver Nitrate in 25ml water. Add 5ml Turmeric extract into Silver Nitrate solution at room temperature.

  5. STEP 4.
    After 12 hours, the solution turns Reddish-Brown indicates the formation of Silver Nanoparticles.

  6. RESULTS
    Silver Nanoparticles should be having a size around 10 to 20 nanometers. UV-Vis absorbance should be observed around 430nm.

  7. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Turmeric Extract: Turmeric extract acts as reducing and capping agent in this synthesis, so concentration of this in silver nitrate solution can lead to change in size of the Silver Nanoparticles formed during synthesis.
    Concentration of Silver Nitrate: Lower the concentration of Silver Nitrate smaller will be the size of Silver Nanoparticles.

  8. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/silver-nanoparticles-2/feed/ 0 Reduced Graphene Oxide – Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Synthesis – rGO-ZnO by using Graphene Oxide, Zinc Acetate and Hydrazine Hydrate via Chemical Reduction Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/nanocomposite/rgo-zno-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/nanocomposite/rgo-zno-1/#respond Fri, 23 Apr 2021 11:58:27 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=235

Reduced Graphene Oxide – Zinc Oxide (rGO-ZnO) Nanocomposite Synthesis by using Graphene Oxide as Precursor, Zinc Acetate as Precursor and Hydrazine Hydrate as Reducing Agent via Chemical Reduction Method

  1. CHECK LIST
    Graphene Oxide (GO), Zinc Acetate (Or Zinc Nitrate), Sodium Hydroxide, Hydrazine Hydrate, Deionized Water, Sonicator, Magnetic Stirrer, RB Flask.

  2. STEP 1.
    Add 500mg Graphene Oxide in 150ml deionized water and sonicate for 40 minutes.

  3. STEP 2.
    Add 4g Sodium Hydroxide in 100ml deionized water.

  4. STEP 3.
    Add Sodium Hydroxide solution (prepared in step-2) in GO solution (prepared in step-1) and sonicate again for 20 minutes.

  5. STEP 4.
    Add 2g Zinc Acetate in 100ml deionized water.

  6. STEP 5.
    Add Zinc Acetate solution (prepared in step-4) in GO solution solution (prepared in step-3).

  7. STEP 6.
    Add 3ml (of 10%) Hydrazine Hydrate and setup reflux at 80ºC for 24 hours.

  8. STEP 7.
    After 24 hours remove the reflux; filter out the rGO/ZnO composite; and wash with deionized water several times.

  9. RESULTS
    Reduced Graphene Oxide colour would be black; Raman spectroscopy will show a peak around 440cm-1. You will also get a peak around 380nm in UV-Vis Spectrosocpy.

  10. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Concentration of Graphene Oxide: The first main ingredient for the synthesis of rGO/ZnO composite is Graphene Oxide. As much concentration we take initially, that much amount rGO we get at the end of the process. But much higher amount of Graphene Oxide can leads to incomplete reduction and thus bad quality final product.
    Concentration of Zinc Precursor: Second main salt in this synthesis is Zinc Acetate (Or Zinc Nitrate). If concentrate of Zinc Acetate is increased, then amount of reducing agent (i.e. Hydrazine Hydrate) should also be increased. Much higher concentration of Zinc Acetate will lead to bigger particles of Zinc Oxide in the final composite.
    Concentration of Hydrazine Hydrate: Hydrazine Hydrate acts as the reducing agent in synthesis method. For the optimum reduction of Graphene Oxide and Zinc Acetate, optimum quantity of Hydrazine Hydrate is properly needed.
    Effect of Temperature: Temperature plays an important role in speeding up any reaction. High temperature synthesis give us fine product quality by consuming less time.
    Why Reflux: Reflux is a very good technique, when we want to give temperature to the solvents just below their boiling point. In this synthesis method, if we do not use reflux and direct heat the solution for 24 hours. Then all the water will be evaporated within few hours and only solid non-reduced GO will be left in the RB flask.

  11. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/nanocomposite/rgo-zno-1/feed/ 0 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Green Synthesis – ZnO by using Zinc Sulphate and Aloe Vera Leaves via Biological Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-1/#comments Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:24:59 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=267

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Green Synthesis – ZnO by using Zinc Sulphate as precursor and Aloe Vera Leaves as reducing and stabilising agent via Biological Method.

  1. CHECK LIST
    Fresh leaves of Aloe Vera Leaves, Zinc Sulphate, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Filter Paper

  2. STEP 1.
    Take fresh leaves of Aloe Vera. Wash properly and cut them into small pieces.

  3. STEP 2.
    Take 20g leaves pieces in 100ml of deionized water and boil the leaves around 60ºC for 10 minutes.

  4. STEP 3.
    When the water turns GREEN, filter it out and use it as reducing and capping agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.

  5. STEP 4.
    Take 6g Zinc Sulphate in 150ml deionized water; and set the temperature 60ºC.

  6. STEP 5.
    Add 20ml leaf extract (prepared in step 3) into Zinc Sulphate solution and stir it for 3 hours at 60ºC.

  7. STEP 6.
    Centrifuge the off-White color opaque solution at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes and dry it to obtain powder of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

  8. RESULTS
    UV-Vis absorbance peak shown at 360nm. Average size of spherical Zinc Nanoparticles was found to be around 15-20 nanometers.

  9. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/zinc-oxide-nanoparticles-1/feed/ 1 Tungsten Oxide Nanorods Synthesis – (WO3) by using Sodium Tungstate and Oxalic Acid via Hydrothermal Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/tungsten-oxide-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/tungsten-oxide-1/#respond Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:08:33 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=250

Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO3) Nanorods Synthesis by using Sodium Tungstate as precursor and Oxalic Acid via Hydrothermal Method

  1. CHECK LIST
    Sodium Tungstate (Na2WO2.2H2O), Oxalic Acid (H2C2O4.2H2O), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), Potassium Sulfate (K2SO4), Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic stirrer

  2. STEP 1.
    Add 2g Sodium Tungstate and 1.5g Oxalic Acid in 50 ml water.

  3. STEP 2.
    Add HCL in the above solution until the pH reaches around 0.8, after this transparent homogenious solution is formed.

  4. STEP 3.
    Add 3g Potassium Sulfate into the solution prepared in step-2.

  5. STEP 4.
    Tansfer the solution in Hydrothermal and set the temperature at 100°C for 24 hours.

  6. STEP 5.
    Finally, Wash and Filter out the Yellowish solution through centrifuge. You can now use these Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO3) Nanorods in any application.

  7. RESULTS
    Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO3) Nanorods color was found to be yellowish. Average diamter of the rods are around 150 nanometers and length of about 1 micrometer.

  8. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/tungsten-oxide-1/feed/ 0 Copper Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Copper Nitrate and Bottle Brush Leaves via Biological Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/copper-nanoparticles-2/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/copper-nanoparticles-2/#comments Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:04:19 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=242

Copper Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Copper Nitrate as Precursor and Bottle Brush Leaves extract as Reducing and Stabilising Agent via Biological Method.

  1. CHECK LIST
    Fresh leaves of Bottle Brush, Copper Nitrate, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, FIlter Paper

  2. STEP 1.
    Take fresh leaves of Bottle Brush. Wash properly and cut them into small pieces

  3. STEP 2.
    Take 25g leaves pieces in 100ml of deionized water and boil the leaves around 80-90ºC for 5-10 minutes.

  4. STEP 3.
    When the water turns GREEN, filter it out and use it as reducing and capping agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.

  5. STEP 4.
    Take 0.5g Copper Nitrate in 100ml deionized water; and set the temperature 60-70ºC.

  6. STEP 5.
    Add leaf extract drop wise slowly (prepared in step 3) into Copper Nitrate solution, until the color changes to light GREEN.

  7. RESULTS
    The light Green color indicated the formation of Copper Nanoparticles in water. UV-Vis spectroscopy absorption peak would be obtained around 600nm.

  8. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Species of Plant/Tree: Different types of Plants/Trees are having different types of chemical composition and concentration of specific chemical in its leaves. So different species of Plants/Trees can give the different particle size, size distribution. Even morphology can also be changed by using leaf extract of different plants/trees.
    Concentration of Copper Nitrate: Nickel Chloride is used as the precursor in this synthesis. Higher the concentration of Nickel Chloride, more the chances of agglomeration; further leads to bulky size particles.
    Concentration of Leaves in Water: Concentration of leaves in water is very important for Nanoparticles synthesis. Higher concentration of leaves in water, leads to higher concentration of reducing and capping agent in water.
    Temperature: The temperature is another important factor in the synthesis of Nanoparticles, change in temperature leads to change in the particles size; also higher temperature leads to faster chemical Kinetics.

  9. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/copper-nanoparticles-2/feed/ 2 Leaf Extract Based Nanoparticles Green Synthesis via Biological Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/leaf-extract-synthesis/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/leaf-extract-synthesis/#respond Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:01:12 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=237

Nanoparticles can be easily synthesized by using various leaf extracts as reducing and capping agent with various precursors.

  1. CHECK LIST
    Fresh leaves of desire tree/plant, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, FIlter Paper

  2. STEP 1.
    Take fresh leaves of your choice plant. Wash properly and cut them into small pieces

  3. STEP 2.
    Take 25g leaves pieces in 100ml of deionized water and boil the leaves around 80-90ºC for 5-10 minutes.

  4. STEP 3.
    When the water turns GREEN, filter it out and use it as reducing and capping agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.

  5. RESULTS
    The color of used precursor solution will change depending on the type of precursor; indicates the formation of that precursor Nanoparticles.

  6. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Species of Plant/Tree: Different types of Plants/Trees are having different types of chemical composition and concentration of specific chemical in its leaves. So different species of Plants/Trees can give the different particle size, size distribution. Even morphology can also be changed by using leaf extract of different plants/trees.
    Concentration of Copper Nitrate: Nickel Chloride is used as the precursor in this synthesis. Higher the concentration of Nickel Chloride, more the chances of agglomeration; further leads to bulky size particles.
    Concentration of Leaves in Water: Concentration of leaves in water is very important for Nanoparticles synthesis. Higher concentration of leaves in water, leads to higher concentration of reducing and capping agent in water.
    Temperature: The temperature is another important factor in the synthesis of Nanoparticles, change in temperature leads to change in the particles size; also higher temperature leads to faster chemical Kinetics.

  7. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/leaf-extract-synthesis/feed/ 0 Gold Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Tetrachloroauric Acid and Bottle Brush Leaves via Biological Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/gold-nanoparticles-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/gold-nanoparticles-1/#comments Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:12:59 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=256

Gold Nanoparticles Green Synthesis by using Tetrachloroauric Acid as precursor and Bottle Brush Leaves as reducing and stabilising agent via Biological Method

  1. CHECK LIST
    Fresh leaves of Neem, Bottle Brush, Tetrachloroauric acid (HAuCl4·3H2O), Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Filter Paper

  2. STEP 1.
    Take fresh leaves of Bottle Brush. Wash properly and cut them into small pieces.

  3. STEP 2.
    Take 25g leaves pieces in 100ml of deionized water and boil the leaves around 80ºC for 5-10 minutes.

  4. STEP 3.
    When the water turns GREEN, filter it out and use it as reducing and capping agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.

  5. STEP 4.
    Take 50mg Tetrachloroauric acid in 100ml deionized water; and set the temperature 60ºC.

  6. STEP 5.
    Add leaf extract drop wise slowly (prepared in step-3) into Tetrachloroauric acid solution, until the color chnages to Red or Violet.

    (The color depends on the size of Gold Nanoparticles and the type of leaves you have taken).

  7. RESULTS
    The Red or Violet color indicated the formation of Gold Nanoparticles in water. UV-Vis spectroscopy absorption peak would be obtained around 530nm.

  8. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Species of Plant/Tree: Different types of Plants/Trees are having different types of chemical composition and concentration of specific chemical in its leaves. So different species of Plants/Trees can give the different particle size, size distribution. Even morphology can also be changed by using leaf extract of different plants/trees.
    Concentration of Precursor: Silver Nitrate is used as the precursor in this synthesis. Higher the concentration of Silver Nitrate, more the chances of agglomeration; further leads to bulky size particles.
    Concentration of Leaves in Water: Concentration of leaves in water is very important for Nanoparticles synthesis. Higher concentration of leaves in water, leads to higher concentration of reducing and capping agent in water.
    Temperature: The temperature is another important factor in the synthesis of Nanoparticles, change in temperature leads to change in the particles size; also higher temperature leads to faster chemical Kinetics.

  9. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal/gold-nanoparticles-1/feed/ 1 Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis – (Fe3O4) by using Iron Chloride and Ammonia via Coprecipitation Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/iron-oxide-nanoparticles-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/iron-oxide-nanoparticles-1/#respond Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:21:14 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=263

Iron Oxide (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Iron Chloride as precursor and Ammonia as reducing agent via Coprecipitation Method.

  1. CHECK LIST
    Iron(II) chloride (FeCl2.4H20), Iron(III) chloride (FeCl3.6H20), 25% Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (NH4OH), Nitrogen (N2) gas, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Centrifuge, Furnace.

  2. STEP 1.
    Take 0.5g Iron(II) chloride and 1.35g Iron(III) chloride in 50ml of deionized Water at 60°C under inert atmosphere (N2 or Ar gas flow).

  3. STEP 2.
    After 30 minutes of proper mixing, Inject 33ml of Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (Ammonium Hydroxide Solution is 25% diluted which is commonly available).

  4. STEP 3.
    After 2 hours of proper mixing at maximum rpm, color of solution turned into Black.

  5. STEP 4.
    Filter out the Black color powder, wash it with deionized Water and Ethanol several times to remove the unwanted impurities.

  6. RESULTS
    Black color powder indicated the formation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles. Average size during the synthesis was found to be 10-15 nanometers.

  7. Factors Affecting Synthesis
    Presence of Inert Gas: Presence of inert gas highly effect the synthesis of Nanoparticles as it can change the amount of Oxygen during the synthesis. Without using the inert gas proper particles formation and crystallization does not occur.
    Concentration of Ammonia Solution: Higher concentration of Ammonia solution leads to larger particles size. If you get higher particle then you can reduce the amount of ammonia solution.

  8. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/iron-oxide-nanoparticles-1/feed/ 0 Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Sodium Silicate and Ammonia via Sol-Gel Method https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/silica-nanoparticles-1/ https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/silica-nanoparticles-1/#respond Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:14:20 +0000 https://instanano.com/?p=258

Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Sodium Silicate as precursor and Ammonia as reducing agent via Sol-Gel Method

  1. CHECK LIST
    Sodium silicate solution (containing around 8% Na2O and 28% SiO2), Ammonia Solution, Ethanol, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic stirrer, Centrifuge

  2. STEP 1.
    Add 1ml Sodium silicate in 15ml water.

  3. STEP 2.
    Make second solution by mixing 90ml Ammonia and 30ml Ethanol.

  4. STEP 3.
    Add Sodium Silicate solution (prepared in step-1) drop wide into Ammonia+Ethanol solution (prepared in step-2).

  5. STEP 4.
    After 1 hour of aging, wash and centrifuge the formed product. Finally dry it to get Silica Nanoparticles powder.

  6. RESULTS
    Size of the formed Silica Nanoparticles should be around 80nm. Broad peak around 24 two theta should be observed in XRD. FTIR consist of peaks at 1094–1100 cm−1 for Si–O–Si; and the band at 466–470 cm−1 for Si–O–Si.

  7. NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

]]> https://instanano.com/all/nanomaterial-synthesis/metal-oxide/silica-nanoparticles-1/feed/ 0