Metal Oxide Nanoparticles – InstaNANO

Tungsten Oxide Nanorods Synthesis – (WO3) by using Sodium Tungstate and Oxalic Acid via Hydrothermal Method

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:08:33 +0000

Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO₃) Nanorods Synthesis by using Sodium Tungstate as precursor and Oxalic Acid via Hydrothermal Method

CHECK LIST

Sodium Tungstate (Na₂WO₂.2H₂O), Oxalic Acid (H₂C₂O₄.2H₂O), Hydrochloric Acid (HCl), Potassium Sulfate (K₂SO₄), Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic stirrer

STEP 1.

Add 2g Sodium Tungstate and 1.5g Oxalic Acid in 50 ml water.
STEP 2.

Add HCL in the above solution until the pH reaches around 0.8, after this transparent homogenious solution is formed.
STEP 3.

Add 3g Potassium Sulfate into the solution prepared in step-2.
STEP 4.

Tansfer the solution in Hydrothermal and set the temperature at 100°C for 24 hours.
STEP 5.

Finally, Wash and Filter out the Yellowish solution through centrifuge. You can now use these Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO3) Nanorods in any application.
RESULTS

Tungsten(VI) Oxide (WO3) Nanorods color was found to be yellowish. Average diamter of the rods are around 150 nanometers and length of about 1 micrometer.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis – (Fe2O3) by using Iron Chloride and Urea via Chemical Reduction Method followed by Thermal Treatment

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:23:27 +0000

Iron (III) Oxide (Fe₂O₃) Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Iron Chloride as precursor and Urea as reducing agent via Chemical Reduction Method followed by Thermal Treatment.

CHECK LIST

Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃), Urea (CH₄N₂O), Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Centrifuge, Furnace.

STEP 1.

Take 1g Iron(III) chloride in 50ml of water and set reflux temperature to 80°C.
STEP 2.

Take 1g Urea in 50ml of water in another RB flask at room temperature
STEP 3.

Add Urea solution (prepared in step-2) into Iron Chloride solution (prepared in step-1) and keep the reflux temperature to 80°C for 2 hours.
STEP 4.

Add Zinc Nitrate solution (prepared in step-3) slowly in Aloe Vera gel (prepared in step-2) by dropper.
STEP 5.

Filter out the precipitate, wash it with deionized Water and Ethanol several times to remove the unwanted impurities.
STEP 6.

After washing and drying. Obtained powder is Calcined at 650°C for 2 hours to form the Iron Oxide (Fe₂O₃) Nanoparticles.
RESULTS

Size of the formed Iron (III) Oxide (Fe₂O₃) Nanoparticles should be around 50 nanometers. Size can be reduced upto 15nm by using Microwave heating (read Factors Affecting Synthesis for more information).
Factors Affecting Synthesis

Concentration of Urea: Higher the concentration of Urea smaller the size of Nanoparticles.
Calcination Conditions: It was observed that if powder is calcined in Microwave for 5 minutes instead of conventional heating then size of the Nanoparticles reduces to 15 nanometers.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Green Synthesis – ZnO by using Zinc Sulphate and Aloe Vera Leaves via Biological Method

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:24:59 +0000

Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Green Synthesis – ZnO by using Zinc Sulphate as precursor and Aloe Vera Leaves as reducing and stabilising agent via Biological Method.

CHECK LIST

Fresh leaves of Aloe Vera Leaves, Zinc Sulphate, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Filter Paper

STEP 1.

Take fresh leaves of Aloe Vera. Wash properly and cut them into small pieces.
STEP 2.

Take 20g leaves pieces in 100ml of deionized water and boil the leaves around 60ºC for 10 minutes.
STEP 3.

When the water turns GREEN, filter it out and use it as reducing and capping agent for Nanoparticles synthesis.
STEP 4.

Take 6g Zinc Sulphate in 150ml deionized water; and set the temperature 60ºC.
STEP 5.

Add 20ml leaf extract (prepared in step 3) into Zinc Sulphate solution and stir it for 3 hours at 60ºC.
STEP 6.

Centrifuge the off-White color opaque solution at 5000 rpm for 10 minutes and dry it to obtain powder of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.
RESULTS

UV-Vis absorbance peak shown at 360nm. Average size of spherical Zinc Nanoparticles was found to be around 15-20 nanometers.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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Zinc Oxide Nanorods Green Synthesis – ZnO by using Zinc Nitrate and Aloe Vera Leaves via Biological Method

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:32:18 +0000

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanorods Green Synthesis by using Zinc Nitrate as precursor and Aloe Vera Leaves as reducing and stabilising agent via Biological Method.

CHECK LIST

Fresh leaves of Aloe Vera Leaves, Zinc Nitrate, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Dropper, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Filter Paper.

STEP 1.

Extract the gel from the Aloe Vera leaves to be used as Reducing and Capping agent for the synthesis.
STEP 2.

Take 30ml Aloe Vera gel and setup reflux at 80°C temperature.
STEP 3.

Take 3g Zinc Nitrate in 50ml water in another RB Flask.
STEP 4.

Add Zinc Nitrate solution (prepared in step-3) slowly in Aloe Vera gel (prepared in step-2) by dropper.
STEP 5.

After some time (~10min) White precipitation star appearing indicated the formation of Zinc Oxide Nanorods.
STEP 6.

Centrifuge the white precipitate at 5000 rpm for ~15 minutes to collect the powder.
RESULTS

UV-Vis absorbance of Zinc Oxide Nanorods obtained around 350nm. Diameter of Zinc Oxide Nanorods is around 40nm in size.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Sodium Silicate and Ammonia via Sol-Gel Method

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:14:20 +0000

Silica Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Sodium Silicate as precursor and Ammonia as reducing agent via Sol-Gel Method

CHECK LIST

Sodium silicate solution (containing around 8% Na2O and 28% SiO2), Ammonia Solution, Ethanol, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic stirrer, Centrifuge

STEP 1.

Add 1ml Sodium silicate in 15ml water.
STEP 2.

Make second solution by mixing 90ml Ammonia and 30ml Ethanol.
STEP 3.

Add Sodium Silicate solution (prepared in step-1) drop wide into Ammonia+Ethanol solution (prepared in step-2).
STEP 4.

After 1 hour of aging, wash and centrifuge the formed product. Finally dry it to get Silica Nanoparticles powder.
RESULTS

Size of the formed Silica Nanoparticles should be around 80nm. Broad peak around 24 two theta should be observed in XRD. FTIR consist of peaks at 1094–1100 cm−1 for Si–O–Si; and the band at 466–470 cm−1 for Si–O–Si.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis – (Fe3O4) by using Iron Chloride and Ammonia via Coprecipitation Method

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:21:14 +0000

Iron Oxide (Fe₃O₄) Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Iron Chloride as precursor and Ammonia as reducing agent via Coprecipitation Method.

CHECK LIST

Iron(II) chloride (FeCl₂.4H₂0), Iron(III) chloride (FeCl₃.6H₂0), 25% Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (NH₄OH), Nitrogen (N₂) gas, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic Stirrer with Temperature option, Centrifuge, Furnace.

STEP 1.

Take 0.5g Iron(II) chloride and 1.35g Iron(III) chloride in 50ml of deionized Water at 60°C under inert atmosphere (N₂ or Ar gas flow).
STEP 2.

After 30 minutes of proper mixing, Inject 33ml of Ammonium Hydroxide Solution (Ammonium Hydroxide Solution is 25% diluted which is commonly available).
STEP 3.

After 2 hours of proper mixing at maximum rpm, color of solution turned into Black.
STEP 4.

Filter out the Black color powder, wash it with deionized Water and Ethanol several times to remove the unwanted impurities.
RESULTS

Black color powder indicated the formation of Fe₃O₄ Nanoparticles. Average size during the synthesis was found to be 10-15 nanometers.
Factors Affecting Synthesis

Presence of Inert Gas: Presence of inert gas highly effect the synthesis of Nanoparticles as it can change the amount of Oxygen during the synthesis. Without using the inert gas proper particles formation and crystallization does not occur.
Concentration of Ammonia Solution: Higher concentration of Ammonia solution leads to larger particles size. If you get higher particle then you can reduce the amount of ammonia solution.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesis – ZnO by using Zinc Nitrate and Potassium hydroxide via Chemical Reduction Method

Fri, 23 Apr 2021 12:10:01 +0000

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles Synthesis by using Zinc Nitrate as precursor and Potassium hydroxide as reducing agent via Chemical Reduction Method.

CHECK LIST

Zinc Nitrate (Zn(NO3)2.6H2O), Potassium hydroxide, Deionized Water, RB Flask, Magnetic stirrer

STEP 1.

Make 0.2M Zinc Nitrate solution at room temperature.
STEP 2.

Make 0.4M Potassium hydroxide solution in another RB Flask.
STEP 3.

Add Potassium hydroxide solution (prepared in step-2) into Zinc Nitrate solution (prepared in step-1). Stop adding KOH, when white suspension is formed.
STEP 4.

This white suspension are pre-formed ZnO Nanomaprticles, which can be seperated out at 5000-7000rpm in centrifuge
STEP 5.

This white powder obtained after centrifuge is calcined at 500°C for 3 hours in air.
RESULTS

Spherical 30nm size Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles are formed during this process. UV-Vis absorption of ZnO Nanoparticles are around 340nm.
NOTE: All the experiments should be done under the guidance of lab Incharge; and proper lab safety instructions.

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